Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatments Reviews

riginally developed to help deep-sea divers overcome decompression sickness, also called “the bends,” hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used today to accelerate the healing of wounds that are slow to close on their own. HBO2 therapy is also used to help fight certain types of infections and to treat conditions ranging from cyanide or carbon monoxide poisoning to radiation injuries.

What HBO2 Therapy Involves
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a specialized treatment that allows you to breathe pure oxygen inside a pressurized chamber. High concentrations of oxygen are delivered to the bloodstream, ranging from 10 to 20 times the normal amount. This pure oxygen can penetrate areas that oxygen-carrying red blood cells cannot reach. As a result, it helps revitalize tissues that receive poor blood flow and stimulates the growth of new blood vessels.

Increased oxygen also enables more infection-fighting white blood cells to reach affected areas. Most patients require treatment over the course of several weeks to effectively treat wounds.

The term “cerebral palsy” is not a specific diagnosis, but is now generally applied to children who experience some form of brain trauma either at the time of birth or shortly before. Typically, these children manifest some degree of cognitive impairment as well as physical impairment, often with weakness and spasticity of arms and legs. Typically treatment therapies for children with cerebral palsy have been directed at the physical manifestations of the underlying problem. That is, most efforts are geared to increase range of motion, reduce spasticity, and increase strength, along with specific therapies designed to enhance skills of communication and academic performance. Evidence from around the globe is now accumulating providing strong support for the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) as an approach to the actual underlying problem in children with cerebral palsy – a technique which actually targets the abnormalities of brain function. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in cerebral palsy offers an exciting new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cerebral palsy. In actuality however, hyperbaric oxygen therapy itself is not a new technique.

It has been utilized for decades for the treatment of injuries related to underwater diving, and in addition has found great utility in the treatment of poorly healing wounds, burns, various bone disorders, complications of radiation therapy, circulatory problems, carbon monoxide poisoning, multiple sclerosis, head injury, and stroke. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is approved by the FDA as well as the AMA and acts by enhancing tissue levels of life-giving oxygen. Normally, oxygen is almost exclusively carried by red blood cells. During hyperbaric oxygen therapy, there is a substantial increase in the amount of oxygen carried in all body fluids, including plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, lymph and intracellular fluids. This allows increased oxygen levels in areas of tissue damage or injury. Increasing oxygen levels promotes growth of blood vessels and increases the metabolic activity of previously marginally functioning cells, including brain neurons. Patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy enter a monoplace (one-person) clear acrylic chamber where they breathe 100% oxygen delivered to the chamber under increased atmospheric pressure. Typically, treatments last one to two hours during which time patients relax, watch television, or sleep, while they are carefully monitored by highly trained technicians.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the inhalation of 100 percent oxygen inside a hyperbaric chamber that is pressurized to greater than 1 atmosphere (atm). HBOT causes both mechanical and physiologic effects by inducing a state of increased pressure and hyperoxia. HBOT is typically administered at 1 to 3 atm. While the duration of an HBOT session is typically 90 to 120 minutes, the duration, frequency, and cumulative number of sessions have not been standardized.

HBOT is administered in two primary ways, using a monoplace chamber or a multiplace chamber. The monoplace chamber is the less-costly option for initial setup and operation but provides less opportunity for patient interaction while in the chamber. Multiplace chambers allow medical personnel to work in the chamber and care for acute patients to some extent. The entire multiplace chamber is pressurized, so medical personnel may require a controlled decompression, depending on how long they were exposed to the hyperbaric air environment.

The purpose of this report is to provide a guide to the strengths and limitations of the evidence about the use of HBOT to treat patients who have brain injury, cerebral palsy, and stroke. Brain injury can be caused by an external physical force (also known as traumatic brain injury, or TBI); rapid acceleration or deceleration of the head; bleeding within or around the brain; lack of sufficient oxygen to the brain; or toxic substances passing through the blood-brain barrier. Brain injury results in temporary or permanent impairment of cognitive, emotional, and/or physical functioning. Cerebral palsy refers to a motor deficit that usually manifests itself by 2 years of age and is secondary to an abnormality of at least the part of the brain that relates to motor function. Stroke refers to a sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually caused by a blocked artery or a ruptured blood vessel, leading to an interruption of homeostasis of cells, and symptoms such as loss of speech and loss of motor function.